资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
特斯拉全球降价打响价格战,2023年更多车企加入战局?******
2023年伊始,特斯拉打响价格战,短短两周已在全球十多个国家宣布降价,最高降幅逾20%。
面对特斯拉的激进举措,其他车企会否跟风效仿?
特斯拉全球大幅降价
在美国,特斯拉下调多款车型售价,其中,高性能版Model 3降价14%至53990美元,Model Y长续航版降幅近20%,价格为52990美元。据新能源车行业独立研究机构TroyTeslike的数据,降价后,上述车型有资格享受《通胀削减法案》中提到的7500美元电动汽车税收减免,若计入这部分补贴,两款车型的降价幅度高达26%和31%。去年,特斯拉在美国市场已经两度降价。
在欧洲,特斯拉下调了奥地利、法国、德国、意大利、荷兰、挪威、瑞士、英国等市场的Model 3和Model Y价格。以德国市场为例,外媒报道称,不同配置的上述车型,降价幅度在1%~17%不等。数据显示,去年12月,特斯拉击败大众汽车,Model 3成为德国最畅销电动汽车,Model Y为第二受欢迎车型。降价后的Model 3与大众入门级电动汽车ID.3价格相当。
此前一周,特斯拉中国对国产Model 3后驱版、高性能版,Model Y后驱版、长续航版和高性能版五款车型进行降价,据外媒计算,最新售价较四个月前下跌13%~24%,价格创历史新低。同日,特斯拉在日本、韩国、澳大利亚也作出了降价举措。
思瑞投资科技行业分析师范博轩在接受第一财经记者采访时表示,“2023年,美国市场需求乏力,欧洲市场补贴逐渐退坡,亚洲市场渗透率逐渐达峰,同比基数高企之下,今年行业恐怕无法复刻2022年的增速。展望2023~2025年,全球电动车销售年复合增长率有回调至22%的下行风险。”
范博轩进一步解释称,行业增速放缓已在特斯拉订单量上有所反映,加之其主流车型上市已久、迭代有限,故特斯拉选择了降价。“数据显示,该公司全球订单积压正持续收缩,一定程度上反映其需求增量不及产能增量的现实,特斯拉降价的出发点是希望阻止订单增量下滑过快。”他表示,降价后,订单有望实现环比增长,但订单增速会在降价带来的脉冲刺激后显著放缓。
以盈利换取份额
多位特斯拉多头分析师近期发表报告,称全球新能源车行业竞争加剧,特斯拉的最新举措恐将对其利润率造成冲击。
基金公司Loup董事合伙人明斯特(Gene Munster)表示,“特斯拉利润率将遭沉重打击,全球降价的综合影响将令其今年盈利减少25%,特斯拉利润率不可持续的观点具可信度。”不过他也表示,此举也是消费者和特斯拉的双赢,有助特斯拉提升市场占有率。
在13日发表的报告中,券商韦德布什(Wedbush)董事总经理艾夫斯(Dan Ives)表示,特斯拉正采取激进行动,以应对需求持续减弱。“此举将打击利润率,降价初期,华尔街看法负面,不过我们认为,这是在正确的时间做出的正确决策,看好马斯克及其公司的降价策略。”
艾夫斯表示,特斯拉在全球范围内大幅扩大生产规模,使得利润管理具有灵活性,能够消化降价措施,而税收减免的生效将成新的利好。“我们预期,全球降价或刺激特斯拉2023年的全球需求/交付量增加12%~15%。特斯拉向欧洲车企以及包括通用、福特在内的美国巨头发出明确警告,在这场价格战中,特斯拉不会心慈手软。”
2023年更多车企加入战局?
那么,全球其他车企会否争相效仿,压低售价?
一位不愿意透露姓名的券商策略师对第一财经记者表示,“降价对特斯拉可行,能够牺牲盈利换取市场份额,但并非所有车企都可毫无顾忌大打价格战。成本太高的车企打不起,一打就会亏损。”
他表示,电动车行业的盈亏平衡线大约在年交付量30万辆,即年交付量超出30万辆,企业才会开始盈利。他以特斯拉为例,该车企于2019年交付汽车36.8万,次年首次实现净利润7.2亿美元,此后至今保持盈利,是目前为数不多盈利的电动车企。“反观中国‘造车新势力’,距离盈亏平衡线还有很远的距离,不具备打价格战的条件。”
2022年,“蔚小理”全年总交付量分别为12.2万辆、12.1万辆以及13.3万辆。
范博轩也认为“新势力”不会跟风降价。“国产特斯拉Model 3后驱版目前售价已低于小鹏P7价格,产品调性不再与豪车定位匹配。国产新能源车企出于毛利率和品牌定位等因素考虑,不一定会盲目跟随。打铁还需自身硬,‘新势力’面临的核心问题还是现有产品的打磨、品牌形象和消费者服务,降价并不能解决这些问题。”范博轩说。
至于欧美等海外车企,他同样预期不会对特斯拉降价有剧烈反应。“一方面,海外电动车企的产品与特斯拉有较大差异,Model 3和Model Y的定位不会影响到前者的潜在客户群。另一方面,对于奔驰、宝马和奥迪这样的传统车企来说,如何在产品定位上达到市场认可,而不是被视为‘油改电’才是目前的最大挑战。”
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)